Since you successfully stalled the engine, you likely saved it from total destruction, but you must not drive it until it is repaired. The high revving and smoke indicate a "runaway" caused by the engine consuming its own motor oil, typically leaked through failing turbocharger seals into the intake. Start by removing the intercooler and all intake piping to drain any accumulated oil; if left there, the engine will run away again immediately upon startup. You should then replace or rebuild the
Official Site turbocharger, change the oil and filter (checking for metal shavings to assess internal engine health), and replace the air filter. Finally, inspect the EGR valve and intake manifold for heavy carbon buildup, as this often contributes to turbo failure in the 1.9 TDI.